Hayek: A Collaborative Biography by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783319944128
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Notes

1.Stephen Kresge (2005, 1) claimed that Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom played an instrumental ‘role in restoring the political and economic ideals that made possible the dismantling of communist regimes.’

2.According to Popper (1966 [1945], vol. 1, 173–174), closed societies tend to be ‘small, primitive, and face-to-face, held together by semi-biological ties; they tend to be socially and politically arrested, and lacking upward mobility.’ Furthermore, Popper believed that the essential characteristic of a closed society was a certain cast of mind, namely a magical attitude. Popper’s definition of open society did not have ‘any specific political or economic system’ in mind (Notturno 2003, 43). According to Popper, an open society strives to ‘maximize freedom of choice,’ and one could argue that his version of the open society is ‘democratic in the sense that the citizens can overthrow the government without violence’ (Jarvie and Pralong 2003, 4). Unlike Popper, Hayek did not hesitate to identify open societies with a specific political and economic system, as he explicitly associated them with liberal democracy and free market capitalism, both of which are spontaneously organized. This chapter accepts Hayek’s definition of open societies.

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